Screening Field
Resistance to the Root Rot Complex Within the
Andean Diversity Panel
(ADP)
Jose Vasquez, Kiran Ghising, Albert Jody VanderWal,
Michael Kloberdanz, and Juan M. Osorno
North Dakota State University, Dept. of Plant Sciences,
7670 Fargo, ND 58102
Introduction
Dry
bean root rot is caused by a fungal complex mostly including Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, in association with Rhizoctonia solani, F. oxysporum, Phythium spp., among
others. Root rots are an increasing problem in Minnesota, the largest
producer of kidney beans in the U.S. Root rot can reduce seed yield up to 100%
under severe disease pressure (Schwartz, 2014). Large seeded-cultivars planted
in the area are especially susceptible to the Fusarium root rot complex when conditions
are favorable. F. solani is
the primary pathogen involved in bean root rot in Minnesota (Estevez de Jensen,
1998), and few sources of resistance exist,
especially within the Andean Gene Pool. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the reaction of a set of Andean genotypes to the root rot complex in
the field.
Materials and methods
A total of 310 genotypes from the Andean Diversity Panel (ADP)
(Cichy et al., 2015) were screened at Perham, MN in 2013. From those, 45
genotypes were photoperiod-sensitive or did not complete the production cycle.
Remnant 265 genotypes were screened again in 2014 in two trials separated by
days to maturity. The early maturity trial consisted of 144 genotypes, and the late
maturity trial of 121 genotypes. Six common checks, one resistant, two
intermediate, and three susceptible were used. The early and late maturity trials were planted
in a 12 x 12 and 11 x 11 alpha-lattice design with two replications per trial. Root
rot disease severity was determined on a scale 1-9 (1= healthy, 9= dead plant)
at flowering stage (R6) using four plants per plot, evaluating individually and
computing the average. In addition to root rot, seed size and seed yield were also
measured. Resistant genotypes were considered those ranging from 1 to 3,
intermediate from 4 to 6, and susceptible from 1 to 9.
Results
Plant
samples collected in the field allowed to confirm that the most abundant
pathogen was F. solani. In the early
trial there were significant differences (P<0.05)
among genotypes for Fusarium root rot. Using Least Square Means, 23 genotypes
are in the range 1 to 3, 102 in the range 4 to 6, and 19 in the range 7 to 9. VAX
3 was resistant, Talon and Dynasty were intermediate, Montcalm, Cabernet, GTS-104
were susceptible as expected. The average 5 and the reaction of the checks suggest
high disease pressure in the field. Table 1 shows the top 10 resistant and high
seed yield early and late genotypes in addition to the checks. In the late
trial there were also significant differences (P<0.1) among
genotypes for Fusarium root rot. Using Least Square Means, 21 genotypes are in
the range 1 to 3, 62 in the range 4 to 6, and 38 in the range 7 to 9. The
average 5 and similar reaction of the checks (compared to early trial) suggest high
disease pressure in the field. A subset of contrasting genotypes will be
evaluated again in the field in order to confirm results.
References
·
Cichy
et al. 2015. A Phaseolus vulgaris Diversity Panel for Andean Bean
Improvement. Crop Sci. (in press).
·
Estévez de Jensen, C., R. Meronuck, and J.A. Percich. 1998. Etiology and control of
kidney bean root rot in Minnesota. Annu. Rpt. Bean Improv. Coop. 41:55-56.
·
Schwartz,
H.F. 2014. Root rots of dry beans. Colorado State University. Ext. Bull. No.
2.938.
Table 1. Root rot
reaction to 16 early-maturity and 16 late-maturity ADP genotypes at Perham, MN,
2014.
Genotype
|
Seed type
|
Root rot
(1-9)
|
100 seed weight (g)
|
Seed yield
kg ha-1
|
||
Early-Maturity
|
||||||
VAX 3 (resistant check)
|
Small Red
|
1
|
29.9
|
2856
|
||
ADP462 PI527540B*
|
Yellow
|
2
|
32.1
|
1897
|
||
ADP608 UI_51*
|
Cranberry
|
3
|
54.8
|
1111
|
||
ADP640 Beluga*
|
White kidney
|
3
|
48.2
|
1500
|
||
ADP172*
|
Dark red
|
3
|
25.7
|
1632
|
||
ADP624 Dolly*
|
Cranberry
|
3
|
60.7
|
1579
|
||
ADP12
W6_16489
|
Dark red kidney
|
3
|
52.2
|
1398
|
||
ADP467 PI209808
|
Pink spotted
|
3
|
43.4
|
1121
|
||
ADP680 Clouseau
|
Light red kidney
|
3
|
59.1
|
1540
|
||
ADP477 PI527512*
|
Pink mottled
|
3
|
44.6
|
1332
|
||
ADP438 46_1
|
Red mottled
|
3
|
31.8
|
1308
|
||
Talon (intermediate check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
5
|
49.2
|
1152
|
||
Dynasty (intermediate check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
5
|
56.8
|
1495
|
||
ADP636 Montcalm(susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
5
|
47.7
|
927
|
||
Cabernet (susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
7
|
41.0
|
453
|
||
GTS-104 (susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
7
|
50.9
|
1195
|
||
Mean
|
5
|
43.4
|
892
|
|||
Coefficient of
variation (%)
|
28.8
|
7.0
|
33.9
|
|||
Late Maturity
|
||||||
ADP48 W6_6534*
|
Dark red
|
1
|
28.0
|
1716
|
||
ADP465 PI321094D
|
Cream
|
2
|
28.1
|
1001
|
||
VAX3 (resistant check)
|
Small red
|
2
|
29.1
|
2772
|
||
ADP621 JaloEEP558
|
Yellow
|
2
|
35.7
|
1309
|
||
ADP93 Moro*
|
Yellow
|
2
|
29.5
|
977
|
||
ADP84 Kablanketi
ndefu*
|
Black spotted
|
2
|
37.5
|
1311
|
||
ADP628 H9659_27_7*
|
Light red kidney
|
3
|
43.7
|
1459
|
||
ADP105 Sewani_97
|
Dark red
|
3
|
40.7
|
1102
|
||
ADP454 Iniap429*
|
Red mottled
|
3
|
45.1
|
1886
|
||
ADP122 Kranskop*
|
Cranberry
|
3
|
44.3
|
1278
|
||
ADP474 PI527519
|
Red mottled
|
3
|
33.7
|
1258
|
||
Talon (intermediate check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
5
|
51.5
|
1433
|
||
Dynasty (intermediate check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
6
|
55.1
|
1305
|
||
Cabernet (susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
7
|
43.6
|
759
|
||
ADP636 Montcalm (susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
7
|
51.0
|
1198
|
||
GTS-104 (susceptible check)
|
Dark red kidney
|
7
|
46.3
|
666
|
||
Mean
|
5
|
39.2
|
1001
|
|||
Coefficient of
variation (%)
|
36.3
|
5.6
|
31.3
|
|||
* Resistant in 2013
and 2014 seasons
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